Windows下的VS Code、OpenCV及C++的安装和配置

前言

本文包括基本的VS Code安装、C++环境配置以及OpenCV配置全过程，以及如何解决在配置过程中会遇到的问题。

一、资源的下载和安装

1、VS Code

（1）VS Code下载

官网下载：Visual Studio Code

（2）VS Code安装

双击.exe文件开始安装，同意此协议，点击下一步：

选择安装路径，点击下一步：

点击下一步：

根据图中提示勾选，点击下一步：

点击安装：

安装扩展：

2、MinGW-w64

官网下载：MinGW-w64离线包下载地址

3、CMake

官网下载：CMake

4、OpenCV

官网下载：OpenCV

二、环境配置

1、VS Code

安装完后，可以在环境变量的用户变量的Path里查看到VS Code，说明配置完成

2、MinGW-w64

解压MinGW-w64压缩包，将该文件夹的bin路径添加到环境变量的系统变量中：

Win+R，cmd调出控制台，检查MinGW-w64是否安装成功，若成功则如下图所示：

3、CMake

将CMake安装包解压，文件夹如图所示：

将该文件夹下的bin文件路径添加到环境变量的系统变量中：

Win+R，cmd调出控制台，检查CMake是否安装成功，若成功则如下图所示：

4、OpenCV

安装完OpenCV后，在 build\x64 路径下新建一个文件夹（可自起，这里是 MinGW ）

5、生成MakeFiles

进入D:\cmake-3.29.4-windows-x86_64\bin :

打开cmake-gui，选择OpenCV的源文件路径和MakeFiles保存路径（即之前新建的MinGW）：

点击Configure，弹窗配置如下，点击Next：

选择前面安装的D:/mingw64/bin文件夹下的gcc.exe和g++.exe，点击Finsh:

—>耐心等待中。。。

执行过程中消息框会出现一堆红色信息，最后显示Configure done，是正常的。</br>显示Configure done后，勾选BUILD opencv_world、WITH OPENGL和BUILD EXAMPLES，不勾选WITHIPP、WITH_MSMF和ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS (如果有的话)，CPU DISPATCH选空。再次点击Configure

—>耐心等待中。。。</br>这次执行完后仍有错误如下：

由于网络问题（最好用梯子），仍然会有文件没有成功下载，这个时候需要手动下载它们。
在自创建的MinGW下的CMakeDownloadLog.txt文件中列出了所有丢失文件的下载链接，比如：
>

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/4d348507d156ec797a88a887cfa7f9129a35afac/ffmpeg/opencv_videoio_ffmpeg.dll

一个个访问这些链接，下载后放到OpenCV源文件里.cache的相应子文件夹中替代原缓存文件（下载的文件重命名为相应地缓存文件名并删除原缓存文件）。

这样从头到尾下载CMakeDownloadLog.txt中列出的所有丢失文件，之后，再次点击Configure，出现configure down之后查看CMakeDownloadLog.txt文件，成功了显示下图：

之后点击Generate，显示Generate Done。

6、编译OpenCV

使用 cmake 时要求安装 python3（版本没有限制，比2高就行），并且python 必须配好了环境变量。
cmd到MakeFiles所在文件夹（[如何cmd](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42809924/article/details/104929103)），执行如下命令： >mingw32-make -j 8 ![](https://tuchuang.voooe.cn/images/2024/07/06/25.png) 如果报错可查阅[编译报错解答](https://blog.huihut.com/2018/07/31/CompiledOpenCVWithMinGW64/)，如果编译成功则执行如下命令完成装载： >mingw32-make install ![](https://tuchuang.voooe.cn/images/2024/07/06/26.png) 将D:\opencv\build\x64\MinGW\bin加到环境变量的系统变量中： ![](https://tuchuang.voooe.cn/images/2024/07/06/27.png) ### 7、VS Code配置 #### （1）c_cpp_properties.json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "D:/opencv/opencv/build/x64/MinGW/install/include",
                "D:/opencv/opencv/build/x64/MinGW/install/include/opencv2"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64",
            "compilerPath": "D:/VScode/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

#### （2）launch.json

{
 
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "opencv4.9.0 debuge",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": true,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:/VScode/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": false
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "opencv4.9.0 compile task"
        }
    ]
}

#### （3）tasks.json

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件",
            "command": "D:\\VScode\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                //"${file}",
                //"${fileDirname}\\*.cpp",
                "*.cpp",
 
                //取消注释后运行慢，但不报错
                // "-I", "D:/opencv/opencv/build/include",
                // "-L", "D:/opencv/opencv/build/x64/MinGW/bin",
                // "-l", "libopencv_world490",
                // "-l", "opencv_videoio_ffmpeg490_64",
 
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

#### （4）settings.json

{
    "code-runner.executorMap": {
 
        "javascript": "node",
        "java": "cd $dir && javac $fileName && java $fileNameWithoutExt",
        "c": "cd $dir && gcc $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "zig": "zig run",
        "cpp": "cd $dir && g++ *.cpp -o $fileNameWithoutExt -I D:/opencv/opencv/build/include -L D:/opencv/opencv/build/x64/MinGW/bin  -l libopencv_world490 -l opencv_videoio_ffmpeg490_64 && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "objective-c": "cd $dir && gcc -framework Cocoa $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "php": "php",
        "python": "python -u",
        "perl": "perl",
        "perl6": "perl6",
        "ruby": "ruby",
        "go": "go run",
        "lua": "lua",
        "groovy": "groovy",
        "powershell": "powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -File",
        "bat": "cmd /c",
        "shellscript": "bash",
        "fsharp": "fsi",
        "csharp": "scriptcs",
        "vbscript": "cscript //Nologo",
        "typescript": "ts-node",
        "coffeescript": "coffee",
        "scala": "scala",
        "swift": "swift",
        "julia": "julia",
        "crystal": "crystal",
        "ocaml": "ocaml",
        "r": "Rscript",
        "applescript": "osascript",
        "clojure": "lein exec",
        "haxe": "haxe --cwd $dirWithoutTrailingSlash --run $fileNameWithoutExt",
        "rust": "cd $dir && rustc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "racket": "racket",
        "scheme": "csi -script",
        "ahk": "autohotkey",
        "autoit": "autoit3",
        "dart": "dart",
        "pascal": "cd $dir && fpc $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "d": "cd $dir && dmd $fileName && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "haskell": "runghc",
        "nim": "nim compile --verbosity:0 --hints:off --run",
        "lisp": "sbcl --script",
        "kit": "kitc --run",
        "v": "v run",
        "sass": "sass --style expanded",
        "scss": "scss --style expanded",
        "less": "cd $dir && lessc $fileName $fileNameWithoutExt.css",
        "FortranFreeForm": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "fortran-modern": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "fortran_fixed-form": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "fortran": "cd $dir && gfortran $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt",
        "sml": "cd $dir && sml $fileName",
        "mojo": "mojo run",
        "erlang": "escript",
        "spwn": "spwn build",
        "pkl": "cd $dir && pkl eval -f yaml $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt.yaml",
        "gleam": "gleam run -m $fileNameWithoutExt"
    }
}

#### （5）测试代码

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    string path = "C:/Users/WCJ/Desktop/0402/01/0.bmp";
    cv::Mat img = imread(path);
    imshow("img",img);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}